Brazil is a large country with a lot of climbing potential. Historically most development has focused in the southeast in the states of 'São Paulo', 'Rio de Janeiro' and 'Minas Gerais' however there is now development happening elsewhere.

Styles cover almost everything, from bouldering and single pitch sport routes, to long alpine routes. Climbing gear is very expensive in Brazil (~2-3x what it costs in North America or Europe), making long multi-pitch sport routes more common than elsewhere.

Some guidebooks are easily available for more popular areas (see http://www.companhiadaescalada.com.br/livraria/livraria.htm) but many are only available locally and your best bet is to find a local to show you around. Climbers in Brazil are generally friendly and more likely than average to speak some English. Posting here: http://www.escaladabrasil.com/ may help you find a partner.