Grade | Route | Gear style | Quality | Climber | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sat 19th Dec 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Trubachtal Egloffstein Balkenstein | |||||||
4 | ★ Via Urban - with monolith | 10m, 3 | Average | ||||
Good climbing, but there are some loose blocks in the route.
|
|||||||
6+ | ★★ Adventszeit - with Bovist | 17m, 5 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
The crux is the start. A bit of thinking to get over the bulge on the fourth bolt is also necessary.
|
|||||||
Fri 18th Dec 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Pottenstein Totentaler Wand | |||||||
6 | ★★★ Alter Weg - with Bovist | 18m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Sun 29th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Betzenstein-Stierberg-Leupoldstein Stierberger Gemsenwand | |||||||
5 | ★ Oggi sposi (rechter Einstieg) - with Christoph Rauch | 15m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Sun 22nd Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Mittleres Pegnitztal Immer-Höher-Turm | |||||||
1 | Bergseite - with Christoph Rauch | 13m | |||||
5 | ★ Südwand - with Christoph Rauch | 13m, 2 | ★ Good | ||||
6+ | ★ Trebberla - with Ellen | 13m, 4 | |||||
6 | ★ Aller Anfang ist schwer - with Ellen | 13m, 3 | ★ Good | ||||
The crux is over the second bolt.
|
|||||||
Sun 15th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Sittenbachtal Bolzenstein | |||||||
8- | ★★ Stefano Longhi Gedenkweg - with David X | 13m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Once more to clean the route and to read the book on the summit. More people should honour this tradition, the book is from the 80s and still almost empty!
|
|||||||
Sun 15th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Spies Naifertaler Klettergarten | |||||||
7- | ★ Kleine Flamme - with Bovist | 7m, 1 | ★ Good | ||||
The crux are two hard, reachy moves on the bulge, the rest is relatively easy.
|
|||||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Signalstein | |||||||
5+ | ★ Happy Birthday | 12m, 6 | Average | ||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Maximilianswand Maximiliansturm | |||||||
3 | ★ Wendeltreppe - with Christoph Rauch, Bovist | 12m | ★ Good | ||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Maximilianswand Maximilianswand | |||||||
6 | ★★ Südwand - with Christoph Rauch | 15m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
The start from the block onto the wall may depend on the climbers height. Smaller climbers may need to use the small vertikal crack line up to the horizontal crack, instead of the big hole on the right, which otherwise can be reached from the block. The crack on top was strenuous and several times I though my arm or foot will just slip out of it but it didn't.
|
|||||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Steinerne Stadt Beide Brüder | |||||||
3+ | ★ Achsenkamin - with Christoph Rauch, Bovist | 10m, 1 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
If the legs of the climber are too short, there is a need of a daring drop hands first from one brother to the other to get into the chimney. ("Hände hoch, das ist ein Überfall." -belayer). Getting into the chimney was the hardest part. Would say it's definitely again some classic 3+ ;-) chimney climbing. Smaller climbers have more fun in this one .
|
|||||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Streitberg Glatte Wand | |||||||
8- | Glatte Wand, direkter Einstieg | 20m, 8 | |||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Leinleitertal Heiligenstadt Traindorfer Wand | |||||||
7- | ★★ Seil ohne Leben - with mantra | 18m, 6 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Seconding this, I had more courage and got over the part where I hesitated before. After clipping the third bolt, the fun really begins! Nice climbing along the crack, I enjoyed that part the most.
|
|||||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Maximilianswand Maximiliansturm | |||||||
3 | ★ Wendeltreppe - with Christoph Rauch | 12m | ★ Good | ||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Steinerne Stadt Beide Brüder | |||||||
3+ | ★ Achsenkamin - with Christoph Rauch | 10m, 1 | ★ Good | ||||
Harder for small people.
|
|||||||
Sun 8th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Lehenhammertal Riesturm | |||||||
4 | ★★ Südwand - with Ellen | 15m, 2 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Sat 7th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Wattendorf Alpenvereinswand | |||||||
6- | Südwestkante, rechter Ausstieg - with Christoph Rauch, Bovist | 6m, 1 | ★ Good | ||||
5- | ★★ Südwestkante - with Christoph Rauch, monolith | 25m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
6- | Südwestkante, rechter Ausstieg - with Christoph Rauch, monolith | 6m, 1 | Average | ||||
Sat 7th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Tiefenellern Eulenwand | |||||||
5+ | ★ R4a - with Ellen | 17m | ★ Good | ||||
Fri 6th Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Graisch, Leienfels, Bärnfels Graischenstein Graischenstein-Hinterer Teil | |||||||
5+ | ★★ Blaue Zipfel - with Peter Zahn | 8m, 4 | |||||
6- | ★★ EPA - with Peter Zahn | 12m, 3 | |||||
Mon 2nd Nov 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Plech Schöne Aussicht | |||||||
5+ | Schön Leicht Direkt - with mantra | 12m | ★ Good | ||||
Just top roped it for the warmup, after finishing Schön Leicht.
|
|||||||
Sat 31st Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Kleinziegenfeld Rote Wand | |||||||
6- | ★★ Rotwandvariante - with mantra | 30m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Climbed some weird mix of Rotwandvariante and some Coburger Weg (I guess?). Not sure which anchor I lowered from, the upper part of the wall was quite wet.
|
|||||||
Sun 25th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Lehenhammertal Etzelwanger Wand | |||||||
7- | ★ Newcomer - with Fabio | 12m, 3 | ★ Good | ||||
Nice moves, hard and bouldery in the start, with some smaller pockets on top, good foot holds everywhere. Endurance needed.
|
|||||||
Sun 25th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Oberes Pegnitz- und Flembachtal Flemtalwand | |||||||
7 | ★★ Spätzünder | 28m, 10 | ★ Good | ||||
6+ | ★★ Südwand | 25m, 9 | ★ Good | ||||
6+ | ★★★ Südwestwand | 28m, 12 | ★★★ Classic | ||||
Sun 18th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Betzenstein-Stierberg-Leupoldstein Kleiner Wasserstein | |||||||
7 ~6+ | ★ Bibo — 3 attempts - with Peter Zahn | 17m | |||||
Einstieg Rudi Winkler
|
|||||||
Sun 18th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Oberes Pegnitz- und Flembachtal Flemtalwand | |||||||
6+ | ★★★ Südwestwand - with Bovist | 28m, 12 | ★★★ Classic | ||||
Sun 18th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Oberes Pegnitz- und Flembachtal Flemtalwächter | |||||||
4+ | Südwand - with monolith | 10m, 1 | Average | ||||
Sun 18th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Oberes Pegnitz- und Flembachtal Flemtalwand | |||||||
6+ | ★★★ Südwestwand - with Christoph Rauch | 28m, 12 | ★★★ Classic | ||||
Sun 18th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Burggaillenreuth Schlossbergwand | |||||||
7- | ★ Depression Deluxe | 17m, 4 | |||||
8- 8 | ★★ Ursus | 17m, 6 | |||||
Sat 17th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Wattendorf Katzenbuckel Katzenbuckel Turm | |||||||
5+ | ★ Linke Südwand - with Christoph Rauch | 15m | ★ Good | ||||
Nice and easy wall and crack climbing.
|
|||||||
3 | ★★ Südkante - with Christoph Rauch | 10m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Even doable in pouring rain. Very nice solid rock.
|
|||||||
2 | Talkamin - with Christoph Rauch | 15m | Average | ||||
We combined "Talkamin" with "Südkante" to get to the summit. Nice but a bit scary 360 climbing/walking to get from the chimney to the arete of the tower. Felt even less safe because of the rain and overall wetness of the terrain.
|
|||||||
5 | ★★ Brüchige Talseite - with Tobi | 20m | ★ Good | ||||
#lastrouteoftheday, climbed with woollen gloves, which really improved the friction on the utterly wet rock. Actually a nice route despite the chossy look.
|
|||||||
Sat 17th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Burggaillenreuth Schlossbergwand | |||||||
7- | ★ Fight Graffiti | 16m, 4 | |||||
6 | ★★ Action Perfect | 15m, 4 | |||||
Fri 16th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Burggaillenreuth Schlossbergwand | |||||||
8- | ★★ Dezentraler Energiepfad | 17m, 5 | |||||
Fri 16th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Burggaillenreuth Schlosszwergwand | |||||||
7- | ★ In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida | 13m, 4 | |||||
6- | ★★ Hey Joe | 13m, 4 | |||||
Fri 16th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Trubachtal Egloffstein Frauenturm | |||||||
3 | Alter Weg - with Christoph Rauch | 12m | Average | ||||
Thu 15th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Grüne Hölle Main | |||||||
8- | ★★ Solid Rock | 12m | |||||
Thu 15th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Grüne Hölle Upper part | |||||||
7- | ★★ Blauer Block | 13m | |||||
7 | ★★ Ebbelwoi Express | 13m, 4 | |||||
Mon 12th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Trubachtal Wichsenstein Lochturm | |||||||
3 | ★ Linke Nordseite - with Bovist | 14m | ★ Good | ||||
When I climbed this summit in April, I wrote an entry into the book and took a picture of the entry. Only back at home did I realise that I had forgotten to put my name under the entry. Fixed that now.
|
|||||||
Sun 11th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Bärental Wunkendorfer Eck | |||||||
5 | Risskamin - with Christoph Rauch | Average | |||||
Sun 11th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Bärental Krassacher Türme | |||||||
5+ | ★ Westwand - with Christoph Rauch | 20m | ★ Good | ||||
Thu 8th Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Gößweinstein Napoleon | |||||||
5 | ★★ Westriss - with Ellen | 25m, 2 | ★★★ Classic | ||||
The traditional #warmup.
|
|||||||
Sat 3rd Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Plech Schöne Aussicht | |||||||
5- | ★ Schön Leicht | 10m | Average | ||||
Fri 2nd Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Maximilianswand Maximilianswand | |||||||
6- | ★★ Neuer Weg | 15m | ★★★ Mega Classic | ||||
6+ | ★★ Blindes Huhn | 15m, 3 | ★★★ Mega Classic | ||||
Thu 1st Oct 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Spies Ruine Riegelstein | |||||||
4 | ★ Standspur | 15m, 4 | |||||
6 | Nix auf der hohen Kante | 9m, 2 | |||||
5 6- | ★★ Dobrindts Mautdesaster | 10m, 3 | ★ Good | ||||
6- 6 | ★★ Drängler | 10m, 3 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Wed 30th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Vierte Dimension | |||||||
7+ | ★★ 4 gewinnt | 16m | |||||
I tried it as a warm up but I couldn't finish the slab part.
|
|||||||
Wed 30th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Krottenseer Forst Maximilianswand Maximilianswand | |||||||
6- | ★ Sonnenkönig | 15m, 3 | |||||
Tue 29th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Mittleres Pegnitztal Roter Fels | |||||||
5 | ★ Softmover | 14m, 5 | |||||
Tue 29th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Sachsenmühle Sachsenmühler Südwand | |||||||
6 | ★★★ Sachsenriss - with Christoph Rauch | 35m, 5 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
If the rock was less brittle, it would be a "Classic"!
The first 8m are adventurous climbing on loose holds buried in sand. After the first bolt appears a very nice but quite tricky section of dihedral climbing. It is possible to make a belay at the bolt on the ledge at about half of the wall. The second pitch consists of wonderful crack and dihedral climbing on mostly very good footholds. I did the crux at the slightly overhangig crack with crack climbing, right arm and foot into the crack and then hustle your way up to the good holds and the next ledge. The last few meters are easy chimney climbing to the anchor. Fantastic route! |
|||||||
Mon 28th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Burglesau Burglesauer Wand und Vortürme Backschüssel | |||||||
2 | Nordwestkante - with Christoph Rauch | 8m | |||||
Nice and easy to the top. The rock is more solid than it looks, but you should be careful nevertheless.
|
|||||||
Mon 28th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Weißmain-Alb Burglesau Burglesauer Wand und Vortürme Piz Beppo | |||||||
4 | Nordwestkante - with Christoph Rauch | 7m | Average | ||||
Felt hard for the grade. Very polished holds and footholds.
|
|||||||
Thu 24th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Großenoher Tal Rechte Dörnhofer Wände | |||||||
6+ | ★ Ostwand dritter Turm — 2 attempts - with Peter Zahn | 20m | |||||
Tue 22nd Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Gößweinstein Untere Gößweinsteiner Wände | |||||||
7 | ★★ Mei Tour | 16m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Mon 21st Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Graisch, Leienfels, Bärnfels Graischenstein Graischenstein-Hinterer Teil | |||||||
5 | Monobloc C - with David M., Alexandra | 10m, 3 | |||||
Mon 21st Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Haselstaudener Wände | |||||||
5 | ★★ Südwestkamin | 15m, 3 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Mehr draußen geklettert, wunderschön!
|
|||||||
5 | ★★ Herbstweg | 14m, 4 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Fand ich nur nen Hauch schwerer als "Rampenweg" - vermutlich, weil ich lang genug bin, um die guten Griffe zu erreichen.
|
|||||||
Sun 20th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Graisch, Leienfels, Bärnfels Graischer Bleisteinwände Linke Wände | |||||||
6- | ★★ Alter Weg2 | 12m, 2 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Sun 20th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Graisch, Leienfels, Bärnfels Graischer Bleisteinwände Mittlere Wände | |||||||
5 | ★★★ Balkentoni | 12m, 2 | ★★★ Classic | ||||
Kamin, Balken.
|
|||||||
Sun 20th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Würgau Nürnberger Turm | |||||||
6+ | ★★ Talseite - with Tobias | 35m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Pretty fantastic #warmup
|
|||||||
6+ | ★★ Talseite - with Ellen | 35m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Just barely made it. Even three years later, I had real trouble getting through the friction footholds in the middle.
|
|||||||
Sat 19th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Nankendorf Rupertuswand | |||||||
7- | ★ Naseweiß - with Jonathan, Valli | 15m, 6 | ★ Good | ||||
8- | ★★ Perle der Natur - with Jonathan | 21m, 10 | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Thu 17th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Püttlachtal Universum | |||||||
8- | ★★ Katanka | 17m | ★ Good | ||||
Wed 16th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Betzenstein-Stierberg-Leupoldstein Leupoldsteiner Wand | |||||||
6- | ★ Judasleiter — 2 attempts - with Peter Zahn | 13m, 4 | |||||
Tue 15th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Trubachtal Todsfelder Tal Kapuziner | |||||||
3- | Bergseite - with Christoph Rauch | 8m | Average | ||||
Sun 13th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Leinleitertal Burggrub Rotenstein | |||||||
6 | ★★ Direkte Nordwand - with David X | 35m | ★★★ Classic | ||||
Did it in two pitches, seconded the first, lead the second. Hit my head on the cross on the summit after getting the book out of the box. The bruise will stay with me for a while. Climbing is dangerous! #repeat
|
|||||||
Fri 11th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Hartelstein | |||||||
3 | ★★★ Südwand - with KP | 32m | ★★★ Classic | ||||
Carried up a bag with some beer. Put it down at the belay in the middle and forgot it when I started following the second pitch. Noticed it on the summit and had to climb down and up again to retrieve it. #lastrouteoftheday
|
|||||||
Tue 8th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Aufseßtal Neuhauser Turm | |||||||
3 | Bergseite - with Christoph Rauch | 8m | Average | ||||
Climbing is ok. View from the top is good. Abseil not possible. Climbed down again.
|
|||||||
Sun 6th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Zehnerstein | |||||||
6 | ★ Flying Duck | 10m, 5 | |||||
5- | ★ Linke Tour | 18m | |||||
5 | ★★ Kurze Langeweile | 30m, 9 | |||||
Sat 5th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Betzenstein-Stierberg-Leupoldstein Dreistaffelfels Betzensteiner Turm | |||||||
5 | Terrorkrümel - with Peter Zahn | ||||||
Fri 4th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Streitberg Freundschaftsturm | |||||||
3 | ★★ Kamin - with Christoph Rauch | 25m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
3 | ★★ Kamin - with Ellen | 25m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Much chimney, very enjoy.
|
|||||||
Fri 4th Sep 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Streitberg Richard Vogel Gedenkwand | |||||||
2 | ★ Annakamin - with Bovist | 22m | ★ Good | ||||
Sat 29th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Obertrubach Signalstein | |||||||
6 | ★★ Westverschneidung - with Peter Zahn | 12m, 4 | |||||
Fri 28th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Mittleres Wiesenttal Wolkensteiner Wand | |||||||
6 | ★ Schubs mich - with monolith | 22m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
6 | ★ Schubs mich - with Bovist | 22m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
In second the runout to the top seemed reasonably boltet, two 6ish moves over the last bolt and then in 5. grade a few moves to the ledge and from there to the top.
|
|||||||
Tue 25th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Trubachtal Zaunsbachtal Hutzelturm | |||||||
5 | ★ Nordkamin - with Christoph Rauch | 10m, 1 | ★ Good | ||||
Mon 24th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Graisch, Leienfels, Bärnfels Ganz rechte Reibertsbergwand | |||||||
6+ | ★ Hieb für den Trieb — 2 attempts - with Peter Zahn | 8m, 1 | |||||
Thu 20th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Hersbrucker Schweiz Unteres Pegnitztal Riffler | |||||||
4+ | ★★★ Bäumlesweg - with Alex | 40m | ★★ Very Good | ||||
Funny chimney crawling in the lower part, exposed but easy climbing up top. Did it in two pitches.
|
|||||||
Sun 16th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Gößweinstein Eibenwände Centre | |||||||
5 | ★★ Diagonalriss - with Bovist | 18m | ★ Good | ||||
Sun 16th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Gößweinstein Eibenwände Left | |||||||
4+ | ★ Hobbitkante - with Bovist | 16m, 1 | Average | ||||
Sun 16th Aug 2020 - Frankenjura Nord | |||||||
Fränkische Schweiz Unteres Wiesenttal Burggaillenreuth Schlosserei | |||||||
8 | ★★ I hired a contract driller | 10m, 4 |